The word bird is mentioned in the Glorious
Quran 5 times and the word birds occurs in the Noble Quran 13 times. Among the birds,
the hoopoe (hud-hud in Arabic) has been specifically mentioned twice in
Surah #27, An-Naml, in the following manner:
“And
he sought among the birds and said: How is it that I see not the hoopoe, or is
he among the absent?” Surah 27:20 (Verse)
“But
the hoopoe tarried not far: he compassed (territory) which thou has not compassed
and I have come to thee from Saba with tidings true.” Surah 27:22 (Verse)
The
Hoopoe: A Bird of Elegance
The
hoopoe (hud-hud) is an elegant bird, which is related to the hornbill. It gets
its unusual name from its shrill call of “hoops”, which rings clear and far
and is repeated two or three times. Often the cry is cut off very short. This
may be caused by the bird’s bill sharply striking the ground at the end of the
note. It is one of the Old World’s non-passerine birds. Its scientific name is
“Upupa epops” (family Upupidae, of the roller order, Coraciiformes).
King—fishers, bee—eaters, rollers, hoopoes and hornbills are collectively
referred to as roller—like birds. There are about seven species of hoopoe. It
is a widely distributed bird located in the British Isles, Europe, Asia, and
Northern Africa. It exists in the temperate and tropical regions of the Old
World. This is a small bird about 12 inches long, the size of a large thrush or
mynah, and has short legs with heavy feet and powerful claws. It has a handsome
erect semicircular crest (large crown of feathers tipped with black that
constantly opens and closes on the head). This crest of black-tipped feathers on
the head is the most striking feature of the hoopoe. It is fawn or cinnamon in
color with black and white stripes on the back, wings and tail. It is long
and fan shaped with feathers that increase in length from front to back. When
feeding, the crest is closed. When alarmed or excited, the crest is unfurled and
opens out like a fan.
The
upper part of its body is a pale brown, with wings of black striped with white.
The under-parts are buff, streaked with black. The black tail has one broad
stripe of white. These bands are clearly seen when the bird is in flight. Its
short legs are well adapted for walking. The tail is not very long, and is black
with a white central bar. The beak is long, slender and slightly down-curved.
The hoopoe’s call is soft and musical, repeated every couple of seconds.
Because of this sound it makes, the bird got its name in many languages. For
example in English it is ‘hoopoe’, in Persian and Urdu it is “hud”.
Hoopoes
are usually found in open areas far away from patches of vegetation or
habitation. They can most often be seen singly but are sometimes found in pairs.
The hoopoe walks and runs with ease, as it feeds almost entirely on the ground.
It walks with quick steps, bobbing its head in time with the steps and pausing
to probe with its long bill in the ground and in crevices, in search of large
arthropods and small vertebrates. Its flight is strong and direct. When perched,
it may quietly flash its long crest open and shut. Lawns, paths and manure heaps
are favorite spots as they provide ample food for this bird. It feeds mainly on
insects and other small invertebrates found around decaying organic matter. It
also feeds on insect larvae, spiders, centipedes and earthworms. The long
pointed beak acts like a pair of forceps, fishing prey out of cracks and
fissures. As it dashes along, it snatches up insects and worms in its long bill.
Before the insect is eaten, it is beaten on the ground to remove the hard
covering and appendages like legs and wings. The bird then tosses up its prey
and skillfully catches it in its open beak.
The bird can soar quite high to escape birds of prey. But by and large it
prefers to fly just above the ground. The hoopoe prefers the ground to the sky,
and does not build its nest in trees. It does, however, utilize dark holes
in trees or cavities in walls, roofs, soil banks or cliffs as nests. An untidy
collection of grass, straw, hair and leaves deposited on the floor of the holes
makes up the nest. Most of the nests can be found in April and May in Asia. Six
to nine eggs are laid on the debris by the female who alone incubates them for
16-19 days. During this period she does not leave the nest and is fed by the
male. After the chicks hatch, the mother continues to keep them warm for another
eight days. The nestlings remain in the nest for 2-26 days.
When
threatened by a bird of prey, the hoopoe flattens itself against the ground and
spreads its tail and wings. The head is thrown back and the bill points straight
up. Whatever this indicates, it does seem to discourage potential enemies.
Hoopoes
are found in almost all parts of Asia, even in cities and towns where there are
few open spaces left.
Messenger
of Prophets
Prophet
Solomon was a king and the ruler of Syria and Palestine whose armies consisted
of troops made of men, Jinn and birds. It is possible that the birds were
employed for communicating the messages, hunting and for other suitable
services.
In
the Quran (27:20) we read that Prophet Solomon reviewed his birds and found the
hoopoe (hud-hud) missing. His most mobile arm was the birds, which were light on
the wing and flew and saw everything like efficient scouts. Prophet Solomon
expressed his anger and his desire to punish the hoopoe severely if it did not
present itself before him with a reasonable excuse. Within a short while the
hoopoe returned saying,
“I
have obtained knowledge of things which you have no knowledge. I have brought
sure information about Saba (Sheba, a well-known rich people of southern
Arabia, now the present day Yemen. Their capitol city was Ma’rib which lay
about 55 miles to the northeast of Sana, the present capitol of Yemen). There
I have seen a woman ruling over her people: she has been given all sorts of
provisions, and she has a splendid throne. I saw that she and her people
prostrate themselves before the sun, instead of Allah!"
Prophet
Solomon said, “We shall just now see whether what you say is true, or that
you are a liar. Take this letter of mine and cast it before them; then get aside
and see what reaction they show.” Qur’an, 27: 27-28.
Here
ends the role of the hoopoe. Some people have interpreted that hoopoe (hud-bud)
was the name of a man and not a bird, because a bird could not possibly be
endowed with such powers of observation, discrimination and expression that it
should pass over a country and should come to know that it is the land of Saba,
it has such and such a system of government, it is ruled by a certain woman (Bilquis),
its religion is sun-worship, that it should have worshipped One God instead of
having gone astray, and then on its return to Prophet Solomon it should so
clearly make a report of all its observations before him. The counter-argument
is that inspite of great advances in science and technology, man cannot tell
with absolute certainty what powers and abilities the different species of
animals and their different individuals possess? Man has not so far been able to
know through any certain means what different animals know and what they see and
hear; what they feel, think and understand; or how the mind of each one of them
works. Yet, whatever little observation has been made of the life of the
different species of animals, it has revealed some of their wonderful abilities.
Now, when Allah, Who is the Creator of these animals, tells us that He had
taught the speech of the birds to one of His Prophets and blessed him with the
ability to speak to them, and the Prophet’s taming and training had so enabled
a hoopoe (hud-hud) that it could make certain observations about foreign lands
and could report them to the Prophet, then the above said interpreters should be
prepared to revise their little knowledge about the animals in the light of
Allah’s statement. Books such as “When Elephants Weep” and other books on
dogs, cats and ants throw light on animal intelligence, thinking and behavior.
**This article was taken with permission of the author from
www.irfiweb.org where it may be found in its original
form.
Ibrahim B.
Syed, Ph.D. is President of the Islamic Research Foundation international, Inc.
E-Mail: irfi@iname.com
Website: http://www.irfiweb.org
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