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This paper revisits the debate on the rhythmic recitation of the Quran. It examines the arguments made by those who favor rhythmic recitation and those who oppose it by scrutinizing their Quranic and traditional sources. The paper examines all the ahadith and the Quranic ayahs that relate to the subject and concludes that as long as the rules of tajwid are followed it is permissible to embellish the recitation of the Quran with rhythm as well as modulated voice. By the year 800 C.E., and within less than two centuries from the inception of Islam, a new religious and secular architecture materialized in a vast area: western Asia, all of North Africa, and southern Spain. The archeological and textual references for these projects have provided us with a wealth of physical and descriptive evidence of the emerging building types and forms of Islamic architecture. The mosque, for example, developed into a well-defined building type with characteristic physical features and spatial organization, among them the mihrab, the minbar, calligraphic inscriptions, and surface ornamentation, all of which are architectural elements whose designs and dispositions in the mosque space have taken on various reoccurring patterns. |
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