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The study is an investigation of the origins of psychophysics and experimental psychology. According to historians of psychology, Francis Bacon had the most crucial influence in the history of the experimental method, because he emphasized the importance of induction, skepticism, quantification, and observation. The present study, however, attempts to show that Ibn al-Haytham laid the foundations of the above aspects of the experimental method. Furthermore, a number of historians of psychology believe that Fechner was the founder of psychophysics with his application "Elements of Psychophysics" in 1860. This study shows that in the eleventh century, Ibn al-Haytham made an original contribution to the study of vision, wherein his psychophysics borrowed its structure from physics and its spirit from psychology.
This article seeks to advance an Islamic understanding of the process of human development. It begins with a critique of the Western secular worldview, which relies exclusively on empiricism and reductionism. It also brings out the exclusion of the spiritual dimension and the privileging of materialism in secular developmental psychology. The paper relies on the Quran to determine the factors, heredity and environment, that shape development. It also argues that while there are factors that have a causal effect, in the ultimate analysis everything depends on God's will.
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