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The field of statistics provides us with concepts and tools for giving meaning to naturally observed or experimentally generated data on objects that may be of interest to us. In dealing with people, for example, we may handle data on gender distribution, age, height, weight, income, religion, family size, measurements in psychology such reaction time, indicators of intelligence, aptitude test scores, and so on. The values these data and measurements seem to follow some natural distribution. This tendency in nature was highlighted in a statistical classic, "On the Laws of Inheritance in Man," published in Biometrika in 1903. Given the weight of a person, for example, we may wonder whether this weight is below or above the mean for the population. How do we determine the mean weight for a population? Certainly not by asking everyone's weight. This is neither advisable nor feasible. Through, statistical methods we can come up with a reasonably good estimate for the mean value of the entire population by properly selecting a small sample from the population. Statistics also provides us with the means to discover patterns in data, to draw inferences from data, and to predict the outcome of events. The following paper based on the Quran verse 51:49 which describes the nature of creation. It's transliteration into English is, "Wa men kulli shayen khalqna zawgyne la'alakum tadhkaroon." The translation into English is, "And all things have We created in pairs in order that you may reflect on it."
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